Helpful Articles

A Quick Guide to ISBNs for Self-Publishers

by Jennifer Tribe

ISBN stands for International Standard Book Number. It is a code assigned to every published book that uniquely identifies it in the marketplace. ISBNs make it easier and more efficient for libraries, booksellers, and others in the publishing industry to order, distribute, and catalog books.

When to Use an ISBN
You need to assign an ISBN to any content you intend to distribute through outside channels such as bookstores, catalogs, or libraries. ISBNs should be placed on the following products:

print books
electronic books
videos
audio cassettes and CDs
CD-ROMs
other items as detailed by the International ISBN Agency.

You need to issue a separate ISBN for each edition of your book and for every format. For example, if you issued the same book as a hard cover, soft cover, e-book, and audio book, you would require a separate identifier for each. If one year later, you updated the manuscript and re-issued the book, you would assign new ISBNs to this second edition in each of its different formats.

Deciphering the Numbering System
As of January 1, 2007, all ISBNs are required to be 13 digits. Previously, the industry used a 10-digit numbering system.

For now, the first three digits of an ISBN are always 978. When issuing agencies run out of 978 numbers, they will begin issuing ISBNs with a 979 prefix. The remaining 10 digits of the number identify the:

group (country, area, or language area of the publisher)
publisher
title of the item

The last digit is a check digit.

The group number is comprised of one to three digits. Zero is the number for the English language group that includes the United States, English-speaking Canada, the U.K., Australia, and other countries.

The publisher number is comprised of two to seven digits. The more ISBNs a publisher uses, the small its publisher number.

Publishers that use more than 100,000 ISBNs are given a publisher number of only two digits. If you apply for 10 or fewer ISBNs, you will be assigned a publisher number with seven digits. Everyone else falls somewhere in the middle.

Thus, anyone in the book trade can look at an ISBN and know roughly how big you are as a publisher by the number of ISBNs you have applied to use. This is why self-publishing gurus like Dan Poynter and Fern Reiss recommend acquiring your ISBNs in blocks of 100 to avoid being labeled "small potatoes."

Reiss further recommends that you use an ISBN from the middle of your list of 100 for your first book, since a 0 or 1 as your title number will reveal you as a first-timer.

The check digits range from one to 10. Since there is space for only one check digit, the number 10 is represented by an X.

How To Acquire ISBNs
ISBNs in the United States are administered by R.R. Bowker. Bowker charges a fee to process your application. Ten ISBNs cost $275; 100 ISBNs cost $995. Visit www.isbn.org for more information, or to complete an application.

ISBNs in Canada are administered by the National Public Library as a free service. Visit http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/isn/041011-1000-e.html for more information or to apply online.

For more information on the international ISBN system and how it works, visit www.isbn.org.

© 2008 Highspot Inc.
Jennifer Tribe is a principal at Highspot Inc. Want to self-publish a book, produce an audio program, launch a seminar? Highspot can help transform your great ideas into lasting knowledge products.

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